See duszek on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "duszkiem"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "duch",
"4": "-ek",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰews-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *dausas\nProto-Slavic *dȗxъ\nPolish duch\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish duszek\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰews-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*dausas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*dȗxъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"duch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъkъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"duszek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"duszek\">\nFrom duch + -ek.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰews-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *dausas\nProto-Slavic *dȗxъ\nPolish duch\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish duszek\nFrom duch + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duszek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duszki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "duszek m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"du‧szek"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du‧szek"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "duch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dusza"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 38 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 41 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "duch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of duch"
],
"id": "en-duszek-pl-noun-oD-lonXY",
"links": [
[
"duch",
"duch#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"diminutive",
"form-of",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 38 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 41 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 49 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sprite, ghost; fairy (mythical or supernatural, usually benevolent, being)"
],
"id": "en-duszek-pl-noun-pl:ghost",
"links": [
[
"sprite",
"sprite"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"fairy",
"fairy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 77 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 80 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 22 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 25 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 25 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 56 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 38 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 41 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 56 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Bats",
"orig": "pl:Bats",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 22 59 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "pl:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ghost bat (any bat of the genus Diclidurus)"
],
"id": "en-duszek-pl-noun-pl:bat",
"links": [
[
"ghost bat",
"ghost bat"
],
[
"Diclidurus",
"Diclidurus#Translingual"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:bat"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.ʂɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Duszek"
}
],
"word": "duszek"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "duszek f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"du‧szek"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du‧szek"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "duszka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of duszka"
],
"id": "en-duszek-pl-noun-NjBsr0Dj",
"links": [
[
"duszka",
"duszka#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.ʂɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Duszek"
}
],
"word": "duszek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰews-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂɛk/2 syllables",
"pl:Bats",
"pl:Mythological creatures"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "duszkiem"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "duch",
"4": "-ek",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰews-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *dausas\nProto-Slavic *dȗxъ\nPolish duch\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish duszek\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰews-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*dausas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*dȗxъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"duch\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъkъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"duszek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"duszek\">\nFrom duch + -ek.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰews-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *dausas\nProto-Slavic *dȗxъ\nPolish duch\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish duszek\nFrom duch + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duszek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duszkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duszku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duszki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "duszek m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"du‧szek"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du‧szek"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "duch"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "dusza"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish diminutive nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "duch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of duch"
],
"links": [
[
"duch",
"duch#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"diminutive",
"form-of",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sprite, ghost; fairy (mythical or supernatural, usually benevolent, being)"
],
"links": [
[
"sprite",
"sprite"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"fairy",
"fairy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:ghost"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ghost bat (any bat of the genus Diclidurus)"
],
"links": [
[
"ghost bat",
"ghost bat"
],
[
"Diclidurus",
"Diclidurus#Translingual"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:bat"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.ʂɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Duszek"
}
],
"word": "duszek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂɛk/2 syllables",
"pl:Bats",
"pl:Mythological creatures"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "duszek f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"du‧szek"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"du‧szek"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "duszka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of duszka"
],
"links": [
[
"duszka",
"duszka#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.ʂɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂɛk"
},
{
"homophone": "Duszek"
}
],
"word": "duszek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for duszek meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.